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LAB
III: MASS, VOLUME, AND DENSITY OF LIQUIDS
Problem:
What is the density of some common liquids?
NOTE: DO
NOT START YOUR EXPERIMENT UNTIL EACH PERSON IN Y0UR GROUP HAS
READ THE BACKGROUND AND ANSWERED THE BACKGROUND QUESTIONS.
Background
and Inquiry: You
are already familiar with density. Density can be calculated using
the formula D=Mass/Volume. Volume of a liquid can easily be found
using a graduated cylinder. To find the mass of the liquid you
must first find the mass of the liquid and graduated cylinder
together. To find the mass of the liquid alone subtract the mass
of the graduated cylinder alone from the mass of the graduated
cylinder with the liquid.
Many liquids
have different densities. You already know oil is less dense than
water. This causes oil to float on water. Other liquids that are
less dense than water are alcohol, gasoline, and many soaps. Different
types of soap can be used to break up fats and oils.
Background
Questions:
1)The mass
of an empty graduated cylinder is 70 grams. When it is filled
with 50 ml of liquid it's mass 120 grams. What is the mass of
just the liquid? What is the density of the liquid?
2) Oil does
not mix with water. When an oil tanker spills oil the oil floats
on the surface of the ocean. Why does oil float and not sink?
Hypothesis:
In this lab you will calculate the density of three different
liquids: water, oil and corn syrup. Discuss with your group what
you might expect each of the densities to be and why.
Materials:
Triple beam balance, beakers, graduated cylinder, water,corn oil,
corn syrup
Procedure:
IMPORTANT:
Only fill the labeled graduated cylinders with the designated
liquid. Only put water in the graduated cylinder that is labeled
for water.
Use the
following steps as a working guide Then complete the Tables shown
below.
Find
the Density of water
1)Find the
mass of the empty graduated cylinder that has the label "water"..
Mass of cylinder = _____grams.
2)Fill the
graduated cylinder with water to the 50 ml. level. The water now
has a Volume=_____ cu.cm.
3) Find the
mass of the water and graduated cylinder. The mass is = ______
grams.
4) Find the
mass of just the water (#3-#1). Mass of just water = ______
grams.
5)Find
the density of water at room temperature. Density= Mass / Volume.
D= _____g/cu.cm.
Note: Be sure and return the corn oil and corn syrup to
their original containers after the experiment is complete
Find
the Density of corn syrup
1)Find the
mass of the empty graduated cylinder that has the label "corn
syrup".. Mass = _____grams.
2)Fill the
graduated cylinder with corn syrup to the 50 ml. level. The corn
syrup now has a Volume=_____ cu.cm.
3) Find the
mass of the corn syrup and graduated cylinder. The mass is
= ______ grams.
4) Find the
mass of just the corn syrup (#3-#1). Mass of just corn syrup
= ______ grams.
5)Find the
density of corn syrup at room temperature. Density= Mass /
Volume. D= _____g/cu.cm.
Find
the Density of corn oil
1)Find the
mass of the empty graduated cylinder that has the label "corn
oil".. Mass = _____grams.
2)Fill the
graduated cylinder with corn oil to the 50 ml. level. The oil
now has a Volume=_____ cu.cm.
3) Find the
mass of the oil and graduated cylinder. The mass is = ______
grams.
4) Find the
mass of just the oil (#3-#1). Mass of just corn oil= ______
grams.
5)Find the
density of oil at room temperature. Density= Mass / Volume.
D= _____g/cu.cm.
Results:
Complete the
following table:
Table I.
| |
Water |
Corn Oil |
Corn Syrup |
| 1) Mass of empty graduated cylinder |
|
|
|
| 2) Mass of graduated cylinder and 50 ml of
liquid |
|
|
|
| 3) Mass of 50 ml liquid alone (subtract 2-1=) |
|
|
|
| 4) Density of Liquid |
|
|
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Part II.
Complete the following table using water. Measure mass for
each volume using the triple beam balance to the nearest tenth
of a gram.
Table II.
| Volume in ml. |
Mass in grams |
| 0 |
|
| 10 |
|
| 20 |
|
| 30 |
|
| 40 |
|
| 50 |
|
Make a graph
of your results. Mass on the vertical axis (y-axis) and Volume
on the horizontal axis (x-axis). Find the slope of the line. Use
your math book to find out what slope is if you are not sure!
Table III.
Complete the following table using corn oil. Measure mass
for each volume using the triple beam balance to the nearest tenth
of a gram.
| Volume in ml. |
Mass in grams |
| 0 |
|
| 10 |
|
| 20 |
|
| 30 |
|
| 40 |
|
| 50 |
|
Make a graph
of your results. Mass on the vertical axis (y-axis) and Volume
on the horizontal axis (x-axis). Find the slope of the line. Use
your math book to find out what slope is if you are not sure!
Discussion:
1) Compare
the densities of the three liquids in this experiment.
1) Is it possible to estimate densities of liquids in a container
by holding them in your hand?Explain?
2) What
is the relationship between the slope of your two graphs and the
density of the liquid used.
Applications:
Design an experiment using just the liquids and a graduated cylinder
that would demonstrate the different densities of the liquids.See
page 21 of the Glencoe textbook for a hint.
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