Background

Euronext was formed on September 22, 2000 in a merger of the Amsterdam Stock Exchange, Brussels Stock Exchange, and Paris Bourse, in order to take advantage of the harmonization of the European Union financial markets. In December 2001 Euronext acquired the shares of the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange (LIFFE), which continues to operate under its own governance. Beginning in early 2003, all derivatives products traded on its affiliated exchanges trade on LIFFECONNECT, LIFFE's electronic trading platform. In 2002 the group merged with the Portuguese stock exchange Bolsa de Valores de Lisboa e Porto (BVLP), renamed Euronext Lisbon.

Structure and Indices

Euronext has cross-membership and cross-access agreements with the Warsaw Stock Exchange for their cash and derivatives products, and with the Helsinki Exchanges on cash trading; ownership agreements are currently excluded. The Euronext List encompasses all quoted companies. It has two segments; NextEconomy, consisting of companies whose equities are traded continuously and are active in sectors such as information technology and biotechnology, and NextPrime, consisting of companies in more traditional sectors that are traded continuously. Inclusion in the segments is voluntary.

Euronext manages two broad-based indices. The Euronext 100 Index is the blue chip index. The Next 150 Index is a market capitalization index of the 150 next largest stocks, representing the large to mid capitalization segment of listed stocks at Euronext. The NextEconomy and NextPrime segments each have a price index and a total return index, weighted by market capitalization and excluding the shares listed in the Euronext 100 Index. The indices have a base date of December 31, 2001, with a starting level of 1000 points. Six NextWeather weather indices for France, launched in January 2002, are among the sector indices planned by Euronext. Exchange traded funds, called trackers, comprise Euronext's NextTrack product segment, and have been introduced on the AEX index, CAC 40 Index, DJ Euro Stoxx 50 Index, and various pan-European regional and sector indices. Euronext has introduced several commodity futures contracts, available to all constituents. Winefex Bordeaux futures are traded on Euronext Paris. Euronext.liffe is the subsidiary of Euronext responsible for all options and futures contracts trading, formed by the merger of the derivatives activities of the various constituents of Euronext with LIFFE.

Euronext.liffe

Euronext.liffe was formed in January 2002 from the takeover of the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange by Euronext. The derivatives activities of the other constituent exchanges of Euronext (Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon and Paris), were merged into Euronext.liffe. Trading is done electronically through the LIFFE CONNECT platform. Euronext.liffe offers a wide range of futures and option products on short-term interest rates, bonds, swaps, equities and commodities.

Volumes in 2004 were split as follows:

• Interest Rate: 313.3 million contracts
• Equities: 468.8 million contracts
• Commodities: 8.0 million contracts

In addition to this, it sells its technology to third parties. Since April 2003, the Tokyo International Financial Futures Exchange (TIFFE) has run on LIFFE CONNECT. Furthermore, in January 2004, the Chicago Board of Trade started electronic trading using e-cbot, which is powered by LIFFE CONNECT. As a result, the Kansas City Board of Trade (KCBT), the Minneapolis Grain Exchange (MGEX) and the Winnipeg Commodity Exchange (WCE) use LIFFE CONNECT for their overnight trading.

Alternext

Alternext was formed in 2005 by Euronext to help small and mid-class companies in the Eurozone seek financing. Since the merger of Euronext and NYSE since 2006, now completed in 2007, this market is now a division of NYSE Euronext, named NYSE Alternext.

Merger with NYSE

Due to apparent moves by NASDAQ to acquire the London Stock Exchange^[3], NYSE Group (owner of the New York Stock Exchange) offered 8 billion euros ($10.2b) in cash and shares for Euronext on May 22, 2006, outbidding a rival offer for the European Stock exchange operator from Deutsche Borse, the German stock market.^[4] Contrary to statements that it would not raise its bid, on May 23, 2006, Deutsche Borse unveiled a merger bid for Euronext, valuing the pan-European exchange at US$11 billion (¬8.6bn), ¬600 million over NYSE Group's initial bid. ^[5] Despite this, NYSE Group and Euronext penned a merger agreement, subject to shareholder vote and regulatory approval. The initial regulatory response by SEC chief Christopher Cox (who was coordinating heavily with European counterparts) was positive, with an expected approval by the end of 2007.^[6] The new firm, tentatively dubbed NYSE Euronext, would be headquartered in New York City, with European operations and its trading platform run out of Paris. NYSE CEO John Thain, who would head NYSE Euronext, intends to use the combination to form the world's first global stock market, with continuous trading of stocks and derivatives over a 21-hour time span. In addition, the two exchanges hope to add Borsa Italiana (the Milan stock exchange) into the grouping.

Deutsche Borse dropped out of the bidding for Euronext on November 15, 2006, removing the last major hurdle for the NYSE Euronext transaction. A run-up of NYSE Group's stock price in late 2006 made the offering far more attractive to Euronext's shareholders.^[7] On December 19, 2006, Euronext shareholders approved the transaction with 98.2% of the vote. Only 1.8% voted in favor of the Deutsche Borse offer. Jean-Francois Theodore, the Chief Executive Officer of Euronext, stated that they expected the transaction to close within three or four months.^[8] Some of the regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over the merger had already given approval. NYSE Group shareholders gave their approval on December 20, 2006.^[9] The merger was completed on April 4, 2007, forming the NYSE Euronext.

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