Do you know where your backyard ends and your neighbor's yard begins? Have you ever wondered how maps are created? These are questions for a surveyor. Surveyors measure and draw what the earth's surface looks like.

This occupation involves several types of workers. One is land surveyors. They measure land, air space, and water areas. They describe where a certain area of land is. They explain what it looks like, and how much is there. They put these facts in deeds, leases, and other legal documents. Land surveyors also define air space for airports. In addition, they measure construction and mineral sites. Land surveyors are the leaders of survey parties (or surveying projects).

Geodetic surveyors measure large areas of the earth's surface. Geophysical prospecting surveyors mark sites for exploration below the earth's surface, usually related to petroleum. Marine or hydrographic surveyors study harbors, rivers, and other bodies of water.

Another type of worker is a survey technician. Survey technicians help land surveyors when they go to a site. Survey technicians use special tools and collect facts. They might hold measuring tapes and chains. Survey technicians write notes. They also make sketches and enter the facts into computers. Some survey parties include helpers. They move bushes from sight lines, stick stakes in the ground, and carry equipment.

Another group of worker is cartographers. They collect facts about the earth's surface. They prepare maps of large areas. Their work is like land surveyors, but they cover larger areas. Some specialists, called photogrammetrists, prepare maps from aerial photographs. This group works mainly in offices. They seldom visit the sites they are mapping.

A new type of worker is called a geographic information specialist. This new occupational group started because of the new technology in satellites and computers. Geographic information specialists combine the jobs of mapping scientists and surveyors.

Surveyors study legal records. They look for previous boundaries. They record the results of the survey. They make sure that their facts are correct. Afterwards, they draw what the area looks like. They make maps and write reports. Surveyors who set up boundaries must be licensed by the State in which they work.

Surveyors usually work an 8-hour day, 5 days a week. They spend a lot of their time outdoors. Sometimes they work longer hours during the summer, when the weather is good and the sun stays up longer.

Land surveyors and technicians often stand for long periods. They have to climb hills and walk long distances. Sometimes they have to stay overnight. They carry heavy packs of instruments and equipment. They face all types of weather when they are outside.

Surveyors also spend time in offices. While in an office, they have to make plans, read their facts, and prepare reports and maps. Most of the time, surveyors use computers to do math problems and draw maps. Cartographers spend almost all their time in offices.

To become a licensed surveyor, most persons take surveying courses, pass tests, and get on-the-job training. However, as technology advances, a 4-year college degree is becoming more important for surveyors and related workers. Junior colleges, technical institutes, and vocational schools offer 1-, 2-, and 3-year programs in surveying and surveying technology.

High school students interested in surveying should take courses in algebra, geometry, trigonometry, drafting, mechanical drawing, and computer science.

Surveyors should be able to see objects, distances, sizes, and other forms in their minds. Their work has to be correct all the time, because mistakes can cost a lot of money. Surveyors have to be able to work with people and to work as part of a team. Learning to lead others is another important skill.

Members of a survey party must be in good physical shape to work outdoors and carry equipment. They need good eyesight and hearing to communicate by hand and voice signals.

The middle half of all surveyors earned between $29,320 and $53,440 in 2002. The lowest-paid 10 percent earned less than $22,260. The highest-paid 10 percent earned more than $67,700.

The middle half of all surveying and mapping technicians earned between $22,640 and $39,070 in 2002. The lowest-paid 10 percent earned less than $18,490 and the highest-paid 10 percent earned more than $48,970.

Surveyors, cartographers, photogrammetrists, and surveying technicians held about 124,000 jobs in 2002. Most of the jobs are those working for engineers, architects, and surveying firms. Some of the jobs are in Federal, State, and local government agencies. A small number were self-employed.

The number of jobs for surveyors, cartographers, photogrammetrists, and surveying technicians is expected to grow about as fast as the average for all occupations through the year 2012.

Job opportunities will be best for those with at least a college degree and strong technical skills, such as the ability to use geographic information systems.

• Architects
• Civil engineers
• Environmental scientists
• Geoscientists
• Landscape architects
• Urban planners

Source: Occupational Outlook Handbook -- U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics