| Kingdom
is the highest rank used in the biological taxonomy of all organisms.
There
are 6 kingdoms in taxonomy. Every living thing comes under one of
these 6 kingdoms. The six kingdoms are Eubacteria, Archae, Protista,
Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
History
Until the
20th century, most biologists considered all living things to
be classifiable as either a plant or an animal. But in the 1950s
and 1960s, most biologists came to the realization that this system
failed to accommodate the fungi, protists, and bacteria.
By the 1970s,
a system of Five Kingdoms had come to be accepted as the model
by which all living things could be classified.
At a more
fundamental level, a distinction was made between the prokaryotic
bacteria and the four eukaryotic kingdoms (plants, animals,
fungi, & protists).
The distinction
recognizes the common traits that eukaryotic organisms share,
such as nuclei, cytoskeletons, and internal membranes.
Although
many books and articles still refer to them as "Archaebacteria",
that term has been abandoned because they aren't bacteria --
they're Archaea.
| 5
KINGDOMS |
6
KINGDOMS |
ORGANIZATION |
TYPES
OF ORGANISMS |
REPRODUCTION |
| MONERA |
EUBACTERIA |
Prokaryotic,
unicellular organisms |
unicellular
and colonial--including the true bacteria (eubacteria) |
asexual
reproduction -- binary fission |
| ARCHAEA |
no
cell nucleus nor any other membrane-bound organelles within
their cells, most but not all have a cell wall e.g., thermoplasma,
ferroplasma |
halobacteria,
ARMAN (Archaeal Richmond Mine Acidophilic Nanoorganisms),
thermoplasma, ferroplasma |
Archaea
reproduce asexually by binary or multiple fission, fragmentation,
or budding; meiosis does not occur |
| PROTISTA |
PROTISTA |
Green,
golden, red, and brown unicellular algae large, single eukaryotic
cell (nucleus is enclosed by a membrane) |
protozoans
and algae of various types |
asexually
with binary fission
sexually
--, two individuals join and exchange genetic material in
the nucleus
|
| FUNGI |
FUNGI |
multicellular,with
a cell wall, organelles including a nucleus, but no chloroplasts.
They have no mechanisms for locomotion. Fungi range in size
from microscopic to very large ( such as mushrooms). Nutrients
are acquired by absorption, for the most part, from decaying
material. |
funguses,
molds, mushrooms, yeasts, mildews, and smuts |
sexual
and asexual |
| PLANTAE |
PLANTAE |
multicellular
form with specialized eukaryotic cells; do not have their
own means of locomotion |
seaweeds
and kelp, mosses, liverworts, spores plants (club mosses &
ferns), gymnosperms, and flowering plants |
Sexual
reproduction involves the male pollen grains traveling to
the stigma of a flower
Asexual
reproduction involves the production of a new plant without
the use of flowers.
|
| ANIMALIA |
ANIMALIA |
multicellular
form with specialized eukaryotic cells; have their own means
of locomotion |
sponges, coelenterates, flatworms, roundworms, mollusks, annelids,
arthropods, echinoderms and chordates, Humans, Elephants,
Ants, Bees, Naked Mole rats |
sexual
reproduction through
fertilization |
|
